Monday, November 28, 2011
Submit ICA #9 responses here
One member from your group must type up your responses and post them here no later than 10:30am Thursday 12/1. Please include a header that says ICA #9 from Group # (whatever you were assigned) and who your author is, then list the codenames of your group members, followed by your responses to the questions.
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ICA #9 from group #5, Patricia Hill Collins.
ReplyDeleteSchmady and Gator14
1. "Black feminist thought fosters a fundamental paradigmatic shift that rejects additive approaches to oppression. Instead of starting with gender and them adding in other variables such as age, sexual orientation, a race, social class, religion, black feminist thought sees these distinctive systems of oppression as being part of one overarching structure of domination."
2. Domination is exercised along the dimensions of race, gender, and class. Subjugation along several different levels at once makes the battle of the African-American woman that much more difficult, as they are fighting a battle on 3 different fronts (at least).
3. The perspective of black feminists is that, in order to understand the struggles of a black woman, you have to have LIVED as a black woman. They say that it is through experiential knowledge that one understands the levels of subjugation that black women undergo, and only then can fight their fight.
IAC#9 from Group#8 - Judith Butler
ReplyDelete2008C300
HJK3697
Deftones
Devaio
1. Judith Butler feels that performing our roles in society produces the effect of a static or normal gender while obscurring the contradiction and instability of any single person's gender act. This in turn produces "true gender." It was interesting that even while writing the article Butler was performing as a "lesbian" herself. This was most likely in a direct effort to reiterate her point.
2. Drag offers a rudimentary understanding of gender binaries in its emphasis on gender performance.
3. Performativity is used to refer to the capacity of speech and language. It is also used to refer to non-verbal forms of expressive action that "intervene" in the course of human events.
4. Because heterosexuality is thought by many to be the "original" (even though homosexuality has likely been around just as long) it is thought that heterosexuality is in need of "protection" from homosexuality. There is a fear of that homosexuality is encroaching upon the general way of living and thinking associated with heterosexuality.
ICA #9. Group #2. Molefi Kete Asante. Codenames: sexiib22 and Rams26
ReplyDelete1) What is afrology
a. Term coined in Afrocentricity. It denotes the afrocentric study of African concepts, issues, and behaviors. It includes research on African themes in the Americas and the West Indies, as well as the African continent
2) What are the 3 fundamental existential postures? Describe the differences for these postures for Europeans and Africans
a. Affective: deals with persons feelings, of liking or disliking, about an object or idea
b. Cognitive: refers to how an object is perceived, its conceptual connotation
c. Conative: is the person’s behavioral tendencies regarding an object
3) What is an orature? How does this affect discourses
a. Refers to the phenomenon as the sum total of oral tradition, which includes vocality, drumming, storytelling, praise singing. The more powerful the speaker, the more fascinated the audience will be. Power is derived from the experience of the term orature, which affects the discourses.
4) What is the difference between the way Europeans and Africans see things
a. Unlike the Euro-American, the African seeks the totality of an experience, concept, or system. Traditional African society looked for unity of the whole rather than specifics of the whole.
5) What is the African speaker? What are characteristics of the African speaker
a. The African speaker means to be poet, not lecturer. Speaker seeks to appeal to the principal myths.
ICA #9 Group #2
ReplyDeleteSwimming, Duval, Khaki
#2 Molefi Kete Asante “The Afrocentric Idea” (Lemert, pg. 500)
1. What is afrology? The term Afrology, coined in Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change, denotes the Afrocentric study of African concepts, issues and behaviors. It includes research on African themes in the Americas and the West Indies, as well as the African content.
2. What are the 3 fundamental existential postures? Describe the differences for these postures for Europeans and Afrocans? The three fundamental existential postures are feeling, knowing and acting. The Afrocans are interrelated not separate. The Europeans call these three fundamental existential postures affective, cognitive and conative.
3. What is an orature? How does this affect discourse? The term orature refers to the phenomenon of the sum total of oral tradition; which includes vocality, drumming, storytelling, praise singing, and naming… Expression isn’t limited to written expression, rather than filtered for substance, expression is absorbed as a whole.
4. what is the difference between the way Europeans and Afrocans see things? Unlike the Euro-American, the African seeks the totality of an experience, concept, or system. Traditional African society looked for unity of the whole rather than the specifics of the whole; such as concentration, which also emphasized synthesis more than analysis, contributed, to community stability because considerations in detail. The Europeans have an opposite point of view.
5. what is the afrocan speaker? What are the characteristics of Africans speakers? The Afrocan speaker means to be poet, not lecturer; indeed, the rhythmic equipment of the two will always be different. So now it is possible to say that traditional African public discourse relationships and invoking the inner needs of audiences because of the inherent power of the images. A mastery of proverbs is a good resource for the speaker who invokes tradition. The African American speaker seeks to appeal to the principal myths. The African, with an unbroken link to the traditions, maintains that linkage organically. Fr the African American, the task is to find the myths that have developed in our American history.
ICA #9 Group #6
ReplyDeleteNutella, Cupcake, Cotee
"The New Mestiza" by Anzaldua
1. The history of the borderland affects the biography of the “new Mestiza” because the culture is divided and she is part of both cultures. She is considered inferior for not being purely white and is considered an alien because she is part of the borderland region. The border exists to separate the the safe from the dangerous according to the Mexican perspective, but whites are free to cross without harm whenever they want to. There has been a fight over this borderland for several decades since this land was originally Mexican land and was taken over by the Whites.
2. Anzaldua is advocating for identity. She crosses many borders by being a Chicano and a lesbian. She switches the poem from English to Spanish to show how both of these cultures affect her identity. She emphasizes that this border is not just a separation, but that it affects the people mentally and emotionally and causes them to feel helpless about which side they belong on. She believes that the Chicanos and other peoples should have the right to cross the border freely like the Whites do.
ICA #9
ReplyDeleteGroup #1
Codenames: Aussy, Roxy, HY15B
1. Nation states and multinational corporations are social, political, and economic entities that differ in their organizational structure. Nation states are typically bodies of people bounded by a common social contract and thus maintain a territorial and an economic sovereignty that is only served for and by it’s people. Consequently, a barrier on the movement of goods and peoples is created that limits economic growth. Unlike nation states, multinational corporations are not founded by the same conviction to a prescribed set of beliefs. In this system, the use of goods and services are encouraged to cross national lines in hopes to maintain economic gains.
2. These two are in conflict because they are two different modes of organizing the social world. The major place in which they are in disagreement is in their race for dominance of form. Multinational corporations insist that the use of goods and serves to be fair game in an international market while nation states demand business take place within national borders. Hence, neither can exist while the other one thrives.
3. The new social science is a plan of action via social research. It's goal is to mitigate the switch from a primordial-nation state to a purposive-multinational social organization without losing sight of the virtues established in the former setting.
ICA #9 from group #4
ReplyDeleteGayatri Chakravorty Spivak “Can the subaltern speak?”
LOBO
mangos
RLP.NYC
PurpishG
1. The content of subaltern studies would include post-colonial studies of people or groups that are inferior in race, gender, class, etc., those marginalized by the dominant western culture such as women and other post-colonial subjects.
2. Why ask “Can the subaltern speak?” In her essay, the British and Hindu leaders claim the practice of sati oppresses women but since there is no testimony of sati-performing brown women, the subaltern, in this case brown woman, cannot speak, and therefore do not speak. The sacrificed widows cannot put together a voice because they are being oppressed and have been historically muted.
3. Western feminism tends to universalize women’s experiences and oppression. Third world women are critical of this form of feminism because they think that cultures that are affected by colonialism have different experiences, experiences that are not part of western feminism. Both western and post-colonial feminism deal with the oppression of women but since their cultural situations are not the same, they cannot be treated the same.
“ICA #9, Group #3
ReplyDeleteMolly22
Sobe
Carmelo
#3 trinh T. Minh-ha “Infinite Layers/Third World?” (Lemert p 531)
1.What is the “standpoint that Minh-ha advocates?
Minh-ha is a postmodern feminist that believes that the self has multiple layers. As a result of having multiple selves they overlap and may be difficult to distinguish the difference between the multiple layers.
2.What is the significance of I, We, you, and me?
The significance of I, We, you, and me is that it creates a spectrum
of anchoring ourselves in the “real world.” In addition, it
differentiates us between the two ends of a spectrum of
self-identification, “I” and “Not-I.” The word “I” creates
a finite identification of ourselves, and serves to anchor us in reality; but in reality it only strips us of the things that make up what we
truly mean by saying “I.” “I” in actuality is a narrow scope of
what truly makes an individual, which is composed of not only what
encompasses their individual mind and body but is also composed of the
ties that we have to our world and society.
3.Why is the statement “Third World women” problematic?The term Third World is problematic in itself. Third World has a negative connotation and is most often associated with poor underdeveloped countries. The reason why it is problematic is because it can’t be used to describe one area. Third World can be applied to many countries like Africa rather than only being used to describe Latin America and Asia. Most often this term is used by Westerners to describe people who reside in Latin and Asian countries. According to Minh-ha third world refers to countries that are geographically and economically disadvantaged. Third World women have an annoying connotation among Westerners. It has a stereotype of inferiority. This term is racist and similar to Non-Western in the fact that it has on emphasis a distinct difference from being different from the dominant group.
ICA #9 Group #9
ReplyDeleteCAYASSO, Shmoo, Indiana
"A Theory of Power for Women?" by N. Hartsock
1. What does she mean when she says issues of difference that divide men from women can also unite them. Examples
First, it can be understood that the issues of difference that divide women are not solely issues that affect women and therefore, should not be changed and fought for by only women. Standing up for women’s issues and innate differences between individuals can enhance understanding and raise awareness among other marginalized groups, and while their “differences” separate them, they can begin to see the factors that bring them together, for example as she states, culture or racial. She also states that hopefully these “separate issues” can spark the fire under other marginalized groups – where they can stand up and speak against their share of unequal treatment—all because they recognized the issues of difference between another marginalized groups that spurred sensitivity to all. For example, during the civil rights era, there movement increased awareness and spurred action and participation from groups other than black men and women. There were other marginalized groups that were deeply involved in the movement such as Viola Liuzzo (a white woman) who lost of her life on behalf of the civil rights movement.
2. What are they five epistemologies that need to be understood to create a theory for women. What are the critical steps?
The 5 epistemologies that need to be understood to create a theory for women:
• Engage in the historical, political, and theoretical process of constituting ourselves as subjects as well as objects of history.
• Indicate that knowledge is possible
• Recognize that our practical daily activity contains an understanding of the world.
• Recognize the difficulty of creating alternatives.
• A call for change and participation in altering power relations
The first critical step is to use what we know about our lives to critique the dominant culture. The second step is creating alternatives.
ICA 9 – Coleman
ReplyDeleteLenti
Jersey
firefly
What are the differences between nation states and multinational corporations?
-Nation states for the most part are homogenous and hold a single culture. They often control the legitimate means of a particular area and group of people due to agreed social contracts and are located within its jurisdiction. This is in comparison to the multinational corporation that has no legitimate power but is composed of many individuals from different areas seeking economic interests. Although they have different strong holds, they must each work together to serve the people; the nation state in the form of regulation and the multinational corporation in the sense that they need the people to gain their economic power. Unlike the nation state, the multinational corporation seeks all people, not just those within the nation state. They wish to gain the economic power from those abroad as well.
Where and why are they in conflict?
-The conflict lies in the fact that nation states have the legitimate power whereas the multinational corporations have the economic means. As stated above, the multinational corporations seek to cross into other nation states…. They are not held don’t to a particular land mass. This is not ideal for the nation state as they would desire that all the economic means be spent within the nation states economy. An example of this would be Coca Cola (Coke). The government (nation state) would desire that Coke stay in the United States, however Coke realizes that moving into other countries would be beneficial to its growth as a company. As a consequence... the USA suffers an economic loss. Coke can’t function without the USA and vice versa. Neither entity will have total power.
What are the characteristics of this new social science?
-The new social science seeks to mitigate into a system that allows economic and nation state powers to combine and make a useful combination or rather work within the system. It was stated that the necessity for development in social theory and the pursuit of social research bought about this new social science. Primordial corporate actors are withering away. There exists a purposeful social order that presented opportunities and problems that the new social order may be able to solve.
codewords:
ReplyDeletemargaret and serenity
we were Group #3
1. Minh-ha advocates a feminist standpoint. throughout her writings in this book she discusses how women can't be defined as a single entity or item. She also stresses that the female identity is less fixed, less unitary and more flexible than the man's identity.
2. The significance of i, we, you, and me is to show the differences between entities highlighting the notions of pure origin and true self. Showing the complexity, multi-meaning of "i", and that "i" is not simply one thing but something with a very complex identity.
3. Using the statement “3rd world women” is problematic because
nothing but negative connotations are associated with those words.
When talking about the 3rd world, we are comparing to what people
consider the 1st world. The 1st world are the rich, the educated and
the evolving, so that means the 3rd world is less than of that, poor
and uneducated. These groups of people are usually the minority also.
Now adding the word women to it makes it a sexist problem. Women are
already viewed as less than men, so being a “3rd world woman”
throws you at the bottom of the barrel, the worst of the worst.
ICA #9, Group #5, Patricia Hill Collins, EXUL, Freebird, and B1980N
ReplyDelete1. Black feminist thought provided two significant contributions to the sociological canon and to our society. The first of which is the change to a paradigmatic shift in how people view oppression. People could now think of oppression in terms of a connected system between gender, class, and race. The distribution of power in our country could be viewed in a completely different perspective. The second contribution is that black feminist thought provided a new view of truth in “epistemological debates.” Now minority groups could feel strength from the knowledge they grew in regards to their reality and struggle.
2. The matrix of domination is arranged along race, gender, and social class axes. These three axes are the areas through which minorities experience oppression. In addition, the matrix has multiple levels which include the level of personal biography, the cultural level consisting of race, class, and gender, and the systemic level of social institutions. The axes and levels are all working against the Black feminist by pushing down any possibility of power.
3. The black feminist standpoint is very powerful and simple in theory. The fundamental beliefs consist of knowledge as the source of change and empowerment, resisting the matrix of domination with that knowledge, forcing a “recasting” of the black feminist role to its individual role, as opposed to being compared to elite white men. Ultimately, the goal is to empower the oppressed. Not only is knowledge important, but a complete “social transformation or political and economic institutions” is necessary for social change.
ICA #9, #4, Gayath Chakovorty Spivak, Muppet, Sasha, Renez
ReplyDelete1. The content of "Subaltern Studies" is a collection of intellectuals that try to understand his histography of Indian nationalism of the oppressed by educating their privilege bias.
2. Why "can the subaltern speak," is necessary to be asked is to realize if the oppressed are aware of their situation or even care.
3. The relationship between western feminism to third world women is to enforce western feminism beliefs on third world women. But also, women are still inferior to men even though western feminism may have more rights.
By: Cupcake2, susej, and lynnerd
ReplyDeleteICA #9 on Nancy Chodorow
1. Chodorow agrees that personality results from the ways a child appropriates, internalizes, and organizes early experiences in their family. She also agrees with the statement that a person imposes what they internalize onto external social situations (re-externalization). Furthermore, she agrees that this re-externalization is a major feature of social and interpersonal situations. However, Chodorow feels that psychoanalysis has not had an accurate theory of reproduction of mothering and that it has largely been ignored. She agrees with the part of the theory that states that the basis for parenting is laid for both genders in their early relationship with a primary caretaker. However, she disagrees with the fact that psychoanalysis relies on a vague notion of a girl’s identification with her mother, which makes her and not her brother her primary caretaker. Chodorow also disagrees with the notion of innate femaleness in girls that psychoanalytic theory relies upon to explain why women mother. She feels that this is unspecified and uninvestigated. She also disagrees with the assertion that women mother because of lactation or early vaginal sensations that can be linked to caretaking abilities or commitments.
2. The consequences of being brought up by a mothering mother coupled with the satisfaction women get from the deep mother-child relationship; culminate in a desire for women to desire to engage in the mother-child relationship. The deeply intimate relationship that develops between a mother and her child has different psychic outcomes for men and women. For women, it inspires a desire for them to mother their children.
3. One of the main effects of the reproduction of women mothering is the sexual division of labor in the domestic sphere. This also bears significant weight on the division of labor in the whole of society. It affirms the idea that women’s primary capacities relate to nurturing practices while reinforcing the dominant male ideology. Mothering bears heavily on thoughts regarding the abilities of both men and women. It serves to structurally locate women in the domestic sphere. The reproduction of mothering serves to reproduce the generalized structural location of women as well. This reproduction is linked to the contemporary social organization of gender and social organization of production and contributes to the reproduction of each. Mothering also reproduces the family as it is seen in our male dominated world.